The major differences between Vedas and Upanishads are:

 The major differences between Vedas and Upanishads are:

Vedas	Upanishads
Vedas were composed over a time period ranging from 1200 to 400 B.C.E	The Upanishads were written over a time period ranging from 700 to 400 B.C.E
Vedas focused on ritualistic details, uses and traditions.	Upanishads focused on Spiritual enlightenment.
Vedas means knowledge in Sanskrit. It is known as “Apauruseya” meaning not of man.	Upanishad is derived from the words upa (near) and shad (to sit). It is derived from the concept of sitting near the feet of the teacher.
There are 4 different Vedas – Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda.	More than 200 Upanishads have been discovered. Each Upanishad is associated with a certain Veda. There are 13 Upanishads  which are most well known or most important – Katha, Kena, Isa, Mundaka, Prasna, Taittiriya, Chhandogya, Brihadaranyaka, Mandukya, Aitareya, Kaushitaki, Svetasvatara and Maitrayani.
All the 4 Vedas are compositions of different texts.	Upanishads are in the last section of any Vedas. Upanishads are a subcategory of a Veda.
Vedas are subclassified into 4 major text types – Samhitas (Mantras), Aranyakas (Texts on rituals, sacrifices, ceremonies), Brahmanas (it gives explanation of sacred knowledge, it also expounds scientific knowledge of Vedic Period) and the 4th type of text is Upanishads. The 3 types of texts dealt with ritualistic aspects of life.	Upanishads is one among the 4 major text types of Vedas. Upanishads are texts on spiritual knowledge and philosophy. Upanishads originated from each branch of Vedas. Upanishads deals with the philosophical aspects of life